Yellowhammer
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PO  Box 126 Mitcham Vic 3132 ( Victoria, Australia )

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. Yellowhammer
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  • Scientific Name:  Emberiza citrinella
  • Common Name/s:  YELLOWHAMMER.
  • Sub Species in country / area of origin: ?
  • Origin / Distribution:  Europe & Britain
  • Habitat In Wild:  Cooler climates throughout Britain and Europe.  Grasslands and open areas with shrubs and low trees.  Will forage in farmlands.
  • Status In Wild:  ?
  • Status In (Australian) Captivity:  Extremely rare.  Have been in Australia since pre 1860's.
  • Age To Sexual Maturity:  ?
  • Adult plumage: attained at about 6 - 12 months  
  • Best breeding years (estimate):  2nd - 5th year.
  • Lifespan (estimate):  approx. ? years
  • Sexing:  Monomorphic / Dimorphic
  • Colour mutations:  None
  • Availability:  Very rare.  Specialist breeders only.
  • Temperament:  Prefers a large planted aviary.
  • Cost (Victoria) Per Pair: - Normal colour (Approx.) $2500
  • Description Of Adults:
  1. Length: Approx. 165 mm (or approx  6.5 inches)
  2. Colour ( "normal" colour ): Refer photo/s above if available.
  3. Weight: Approx. 30 gms (or approx 1 ozs)

Aviary Notes:

Level Of Knowledge Required: Beginner / Intermediate / Advanced / Specialist Breeders Only.

Government Regulations & By-Laws:  Refer to "Government Laws" web page.

Housing Requirements:  Click on "Housing birds" web page for general details on the housing of Non Australian Finches or read on for specific details for this finch.

May be kept with other finches but with their rarity in Australian aviaries it would be best to give each pair an aviary of their own.

Diet / Feeding:  Click on "Feeding birds" web page for general details on the nutrition of  Non Australian Finches or read on for specific details for this finch.

Natural diet includes seeds, berries and insects.  Generally ground feeders.

Basic seed mix should include Canary seed, White French Millet, Japanese Millet, and Yellow and Red Panicum.

Good quality finch mix, seeding grasses and live food.  Livefood is essential for good breeding results.  Mealworms and small crickets are ideal.  Sprouted or soaked seed if available.

Nesting:  A basic overview only.

  • Roosting nest: Yes / No
  • Nesting months:
  • Nesting receptacles:
  • Nest:  Usually build a nest on or close to the ground, often in a hedge or shrub.  Nest is lined with feathers and soft fine grasses.
  • Who incubates the eggs: Hen / cock / both share.

More details on finch nests and a selection of finch nest photos can be located on the "nests", "finch nests" and "finch nest photos" web pages.  Click on "Up" then "nests" then "finch nests" and "finch nests photos" in the navigation bar.

Breeding: Egg Colour Whitish with black lines similar to abstract lines.  Clutch/s per year  2 - 3.  Eggs per nest  3 - 4.  Incubation approx. 12 - 14 days.  Fledge approx. ? days/weeks.  Independent approx. another ? days/weeks.

Artificial incubation, hand rearing or fostering will not be covered on this web site.  It is too complex and diverse in nature to be attempted here.  Refer "Specific References" as listed below and "General References" listings.

Health Issues: Refer "Avian Health Issues" web page for information and references.

  • Worming and parasite control and Quarantine requirements of new birds or sick birds are considered to require veterinary advice and therefore not covered on this web site.  Refer above option - "Avian Health Issues" web page.
  • Avian medicine is advancing at a rapid pace.  Keep updating your knowledge and skills.

General References:  Refer to references listed on "Book References" web page.

Specific References:

  • Australian Aviculture

  • A/A Vol 55 No. 1 Jan 2001 Page 1 (Yellow hammers)
  • A/A Vol 39 No. 1 Jan 1985 Page 16-18 (Yellowhammer)
  • A/A Vol 20 No 7 Jul 1966 Page 103-104.
  • A/A Vol 11 No 1 Jan 1957 Page 12.
  • A/A Vol  6 No 12 Dec 1952 Page 142-143.
  • Australian Birdkeeper

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