. Yellowhammer
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- Scientific Name:
Emberiza citrinella
- Common Name/s:
YELLOWHAMMER.
- Sub Species in country / area of origin:
?
- Origin / Distribution:
Europe
& Britain
- Habitat In Wild:
Cooler climates throughout Britain and Europe. Grasslands and
open areas with shrubs and low trees. Will forage in
farmlands.
- Status In Wild:
?
- Status In (Australian) Captivity:
Extremely rare. Have been in Australia since pre 1860's.
- Age To Sexual Maturity:
?
- Adult plumage: attained at about
6 - 12 months
- Best breeding years (estimate):
2nd - 5th year.
- Lifespan (estimate): approx.
?
years
- Sexing: Monomorphic /
Dimorphic
- Colour mutations:
None
- Availability:
Very rare. Specialist breeders only.
- Temperament:
Prefers a large planted aviary.
- Cost (Victoria) Per Pair: -
Normal colour (Approx.) $2500
- Description Of Adults:
- Length: Approx. 165 mm (or approx 6.5 inches)
- Colour ( "normal" colour ): Refer
photo/s above if available.
- Weight: Approx. 30 gms (or approx 1 ozs)
Aviary Notes:
Level Of Knowledge Required:
Beginner / Intermediate / Advanced /
Specialist Breeders Only.
Government Regulations &
By-Laws: Refer to "Government Laws"
web page.
Housing Requirements:
Click on "Housing birds"
web page for general details on the housing
of Non Australian Finches or read on for specific details for this finch.
May be kept with other finches but with their rarity in Australian
aviaries it would be best to give each pair an aviary of their own.
Diet / Feeding:
Click on "Feeding birds"
web page for general details on the
nutrition of Non Australian Finches or read on for specific details for this
finch.
Natural diet includes seeds, berries and
insects. Generally ground feeders.
Basic seed mix should include Canary
seed, White French Millet, Japanese Millet, and Yellow and Red Panicum.
Good quality finch mix, seeding grasses
and live food. Livefood is essential for good breeding results.
Mealworms and small crickets are ideal. Sprouted or soaked seed if available.
Nesting:
A basic overview only.
- Roosting nest: Yes / No
- Nesting months:
- Nesting receptacles:
- Nest: Usually build a
nest on or close to the ground, often in a hedge or shrub. Nest is lined
with feathers and soft fine grasses.
- Who incubates the eggs:
Hen / cock / both share.
More details on finch nests
and a selection of finch nest photos
can be located on the "nests", "finch nests"
and "finch nest photos"
web pages. Click on "Up" then "nests" then
"finch nests" and "finch nests photos" in
the navigation bar.
Breeding:
Egg Colour Whitish with black lines similar to abstract
lines. Clutch/s
per year 2 - 3. Eggs per nest 3 - 4. Incubation
approx. 12 - 14 days. Fledge approx. ? days/weeks.
Independent approx. another ? days/weeks.
Artificial incubation, hand rearing or fostering
will not be covered on this web site. It is too complex and
diverse in nature to be attempted here. Refer "Specific
References" as listed below and "General References" listings.
Health Issues:
Refer "Avian Health Issues"
web page for information and references.
- Worming and parasite control and Quarantine
requirements of new birds or sick birds are considered to
require veterinary advice and therefore not covered on this web
site. Refer above option - "Avian Health Issues"
web page.
- Avian medicine is advancing at a rapid pace. Keep
updating your knowledge and skills.
General References:
Refer to references listed on "Book
References" web page.
Specific References:
-
Australian
Aviculture
- A/A Vol 55 No. 1 Jan 2001 Page 1 (Yellow hammers)
- A/A Vol 39 No. 1 Jan 1985 Page 16-18 (Yellowhammer)
- A/A Vol 20 No 7 Jul 1966 Page 103-104.
- A/A Vol 11 No 1 Jan 1957 Page 12.
- A/A Vol 6 No 12 Dec 1952 Page 142-143.
- Australian Birdkeeper
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